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Bergmann glia cells BGCs are the
2022-04-06
Bergmann glia cdc42 (BGCs) are the most abundant glia cells in the cerebellum, comprising more than 90% of the cerebellar glia. These cells span the entire cerebellar molecular layer and encapsulate neuronal somata, dendrites and axons. BGC are involved in neurotransmitter uptake, K+ homeostasis an
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Na K ATPase adenosine triphosphate ATP and astrocytic glutam
2022-04-06
Na+/K+-ATPase, (R,S)-Anatabine and astrocytic glutamate transporters act together to maintain sodium and potassium gradients and the proper activities of EAAT1 and EAAT2 (Rose et al., 2009; Sheean et al., 2013); nevertheless, in present study, Na+/K+-ATPase activity was shown to be increased as from
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To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft bel
2022-04-06
To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft below the affinity of its receptors, this amino bms-690514 is rapidly removed from the extracellular space by a family of sodium-dependent high-affinity transport systems located mainly in the plasma membrane of perisynaptic astrocytes, and i
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Hippocampal lesioned mice were less
2022-04-06
Hippocampal-lesioned mice were less able to withhold responding during a DRL-10 requirement (i.e. when the animals had to wait 10s between lever presses), and were thus less efficient than sham operated controls. In contrast, GluR-A−/− mice did not differ from wild-type mice when the DRL requirement
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br Acknowledgments This research was supported by
2022-04-06
Acknowledgments This research was supported by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korean Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HI17C0616). Dr. Jun-Mo Yang was supported by the Natio
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In accordance with its similarity
2022-04-06
In accordance with its similarity to classical NLSs, Importin α3 was recently reported as a nuclear transport receptor for Ci (). We therefore superimposed the Gli1 NLS model with the Importin α2 structure (3EFX), which has a structure similar to Drosophila Importin α3 () (Fig. 4.4B). Gli1 NLS fitte
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br Introduction When human red blood cells hRBC
2022-04-06
Introduction When human red blood GF 109203X sale (hRBC) are suspended in depolarising Ringers, they respond by opening a non-selective voltage-dependent cation pathway, the NSVDC channel, which is permeable to mono- and divalent cations [1], [2], [3]. In patch clamp experiments on excised hRBC i
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The patterns of Fig Fig emerge at the
2022-04-06
The patterns of Fig. 1, Fig. 2 emerge at the multicellular level; their dynamics can only be understood by integrating different magnitudes and feedback loops in networks incorporating the coupling between biochemical and bioelectrical signals (see Fig. 6, Fig. 8). Interestingly, this might also be
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So far several methods have been
2022-04-06
So far, several methods have been used to monitor the level of GJC and its regulation in astrocytes studied in acute Nilvadipine australia slices (see Giaume et al., 2012). This mainly includes approaches based either on electrophysiological properties of gap junction channels or on “dye coupling” e
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Based on the collective experience to
2022-04-06
Based on the collective experience to date, it is likely that a much more comprehensive assessment of GSI selectivity for inhibition of multiple substrates, as well as biomarkers to track inhibition of non-APP substrates in vivo will be needed to support future efforts to develop substrate selective
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In this study we describe the expression of galr a
2022-04-06
In this study, we describe the expression of galr2a and galr2b in zebrafish embryos using whole-mount in situ RNA hybridization. To further analyze the distribution of GALR2b and its interactions with galanin, we generated Tg(galr2b:egfp) zebrafish, which express EGFP under the control of a galr2b p
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Fmoc-Ala-OH The galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae
2022-04-06
The β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae is a monomeric enzyme of 113 kDa [58] that has been widely used in GOS synthesis [49,53,[59], [60], [61]], exhibiting a high activity of lactose transgalactosylation [62]. Different immobilization methods have been used for the synthesis of lactose-derived
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A common feature of ferroptosis is
2022-04-02
A common feature of ferroptosis is the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid-ROS and the subsequent depletion of polyunsaturated fatty Glycopyrrolate phospholipids (PUFA-PLs) [118]. The PUFA chains of membrane lipids are more susceptible to both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation, which results i
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SRSF is a member of Arginine Serine rich SR protein
2022-04-02
SRSF4 is a member of Arginine-Serine-rich (SR) protein family, that is essential for constitutive splicing and regulates alternative splicing [14]. SR proteins include one or two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) at their amino terminus and RS domains at carboxyl terminus [[15], [16], [17], [18]]. Wherea
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In the Medicines for Malaria
2022-04-02
In 2011 the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) distributed the Open-Access Malaria Box to accelerate antimalarial drug discovery (Spangenberg et al., 2013). The Malaria Box consists of 400 structurally diverse compounds, curated from >20,000 hits generated from large-scale screens, that inhibit the
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