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We also observed a significantly higher SLC
2021-10-22
We also observed a significantly higher SLC10A1 gene expression and NTCP protein level among metastatic individuals vs. donor livers. Na+/taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP), which is expressed on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and is primarily responsible for the uptake of bile
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br Introduction Glucose homeostasis is primarily regulated
2021-10-22
Introduction Glucose homeostasis is primarily regulated by the hormones insulin and glucagon, secreted from the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Although insulin produced by β NADP/NADPH Quantitation Colorimetric Kit is the blood glucose-lowering hormone, glucagon secreted from α cells acts as t
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br The GLI code The GLI code model
2021-10-22
The GLI code The GLI code model [21], [22] considers the total GLI function as a balance of positive activator (GLIA) and negative repressive (GLIR) activities with GLI1 being mostly a positive transcription factor and GLI3 mostly a transcriptional repressor. The GLIA:GLIR ratio is thus critical,
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br Disclosure br Ghrelin System The existence
2021-10-22
Disclosure Ghrelin System The existence of the ghrelin system has been demonstrated in many species through a variety of biochemical, anatomical, and genetic studies. It is a complex and intricate regulatory system comprised of several peptides, including mature ghrelin and its derivative des-
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According to the experimental data HKI preferentially binds
2021-10-21
According to the experimental data, HKI preferentially binds to the mitochondrial inter-membrane contact sites formed by ANT and VDAC [[5], [6], [7],27], mainly via the VDAC1 isoform [7,8]. These electrogenic contact sites allow application of a part of IMP to MOM by transferring phosphoryl groups f
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br Experimental br Acknowledgment br Introduction Hepatitis
2021-10-21
Experimental Acknowledgment Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) belongs to Flaviviridae, is a blood-borne pathogen which infects about 180 million individuals throughout the world; most of the cases lead to end stage liver diseases, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Choo et
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g418 The glucokinase protein sequence is
2021-10-21
The glucokinase protein sequence is most closely related to the C-terminal domain of 100kD hexokinases, thus for glucokinase to evolve from a larger hexokinase ancestor it must have lost its N-terminal kinase domain. The genetic mechanism by which this occurred is currently unknown. Here we propose
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Importantly the levels of the pro inflammatory cytokines TNF
2021-10-21
Importantly, the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β and Nf-κB, a key transcription factor in chronic inflammatory responses that is activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, were also reduced by the drugs, confirming our previous results that demonstrated anti-inflammatory effec
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br Conclusion br Conflict of Interest JJH has collaborated
2021-10-21
Conclusion Conflict-of-Interest JJH has collaborated with several different pharmaceutical companies during the last 30 years; is currently receiving speaker honoraria from NovoNordisk and MSD and is on advisory boards for NovoNordisk. The author is currently supported by an independent grant
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br Concluding remarks br Introduction The hair cells
2021-10-21
Concluding remarks Introduction The hair interleukin 2 receptor of vestibular organs detect linear and rotational head movements, providing sensory information that is essential for normal postural and visual reflexes. Most vestibular hair cells are produced during embryonic development, but
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Herein we describe the development
2021-10-21
Herein, we describe the development of second generation GSM compounds aimed at improving critical physicochemical properties while maintaining the potent activity of the parent AGSM. Ligand design focused on identifying heterocyclic replacements for the hydrophobic D-ring as a means to improve ADME
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Seizures in turn selectively modulate the expression of
2021-10-21
Seizures, in turn, selectively modulate the Anacardic acid of GalR in the hippocampus. Thus, pilocarpine-induced SE led to a 30% downregulation of GalR2 without affecting GalR1 (personal communication with T. Bartfai, Scripps Research Institute). Therefore, despite the fact that GalR2 could have be
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Studies on FXR knockout mice demonstrated that
2021-10-21
Studies on FXR knockout mice demonstrated that FXR activity is necessary to maintain a proper integrity of intestinal tight junction [18]. HF diet-induced bowel dysfunction impaired FXR activity and affected fecal BA profile. Generally, it augmented the concentration of secondary BAs in the colon e.
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One effective approach to fine tuning the lipophilicity prof
2021-10-21
One effective approach to fine-tuning the lipophilicity profile of FFA1 agonists is to ‘decorate’ the 3-phenylpropahoic acetylcholine inhibitors scaffold with polar heterocyclic moieties. Alternatively, this scaffold could be replaced with heterocyclic isosteres (as in Takeda’s compounds 1,2 and 3
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Nuclear factor erythroid like NFE
2021-10-21
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like-2 (NFE2L2; hereafter NRF2) plays a crucial role in the basal and inducible expressions of multiple cytoprotective genes in response to electrophilic and oxidative stress [23]. The cytosolic actin-binding protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) primarily re
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