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In many cells AR mediated activation of
2024-04-25
In many Nitazoxanide receptor α1-AR mediated activation of PLC has been shown to be the downstream process for NA-induced signalling. The activated PLC initiates subsequent signalling by breakdown of PIP2 to IP3 and DAG (Fisher and Agranoff, 1987) and the process continues. To confirm if such mechan
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br Animals Female Sprague Dawley SD rats
2024-04-25
Animals Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, aged 3 months with body weight between 180-210 g were housed in cages and acclimatized to standardized lab conditions (temperature 23 ± 2°C, humidity 50 ± 5% and 12 h light-dark cycles). The rats were fed with standard rodent food pellet (Harlan Diet, Ross
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br Discussion Arginase and Arginase are homologous enzymes
2024-04-24
Discussion Arginase 1 and Arginase 2 are homologous enzymes that consume l-arginine to produce l-ornithine and urea [14], [15]. These enzymes compete with NO synthases for the same substrate [14], [15], [30], and therefore may reduce NO production [21], [24], [30]. The colocalization of arginases
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Apelin APJ triggers a variety of cellular
2024-04-24
Apelin/APJ triggers a variety of cellular signaling pathways (Fig. 1). Recent studies from our laboratory showed that apelin-13 induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by the upregulation of Cyclin D1 expression, which is involved in an ERK-dependent activation of Jagged-1/Notch3 si
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Obesity is associated with chronic low grade inflammation
2024-04-24
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade potassium channels resulting from increased M1 macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, which can subsequently lead to the development of insulin resistance. Previously, we reported that LFE and FSB both reduced body weight gain in high fat diet-induc
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Glu Gln Asp and Asn the main amino acids
2024-04-24
Glu, Gln, Asp, and Asn, the main Imiquimod synthesis presented in the present study, are involved in nitrogen assimilation and transport processes within the plants. Furthermore, they are used to build up reserves during periods of nitrogen availability for subsequent use in growth, defense, and re
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A characteristic of iron present in brain fluids is
2024-04-24
A characteristic of iron present in brain fluids is considerable differences between measured values of ferritin and transferrin and the total iron content value (Table 1). Variation of the latter is compatible with differences in individual metabolisms. However differences between total iron conten
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Inflammatory factors released by activated cells during
2024-04-24
Inflammatory factors released by activated cells during AD are very important for the disease progression. Not only several inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33, but also anti-inflammatory ones, as IL-10 and IL-13, are upregulated in the brain of AD patients (Morimoto et al., 2011
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It was also shown that of crizotinib resistance
2024-04-24
It was also shown that 15% of crizotinib resistance mechanisms can be due to an amplification of ALK gene while 30% are caused by a variety of secondary mutations (S1206Y, G1202R, L1196M, C1156Y, G1269A, L1152R, F1174L and 1151Tins) in ALK tyrosine kinase. These mutations can modify the conformation
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1-Azakenpaullone br Results br Discussion Tapinarof GSK is a
2024-04-24
Results Discussion Tapinarof (GSK2894512) is a naturally derived investigational topical medicine with demonstrated clinical efficacy for patients with AD and psoriasis (Bissonnette et al., 2010, Bissonnette et al., 2012a). The drug substance is a polyphenol produced by bacteria that is struct
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The cellular mechanism underlying the CGS mediated inhibitio
2024-04-24
The cellular mechanism underlying the CGS12066-mediated inhibition of glutamate release from hippocampal nerve terminals through presynaptic 5-HT1B receptors remains to be elucidated. 5-HT1B receptors are coupled to PTX-sensitive G proteins (Gi or Go) that have been shown to inhibit AC activity as
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br Introduction The chronic inflammation is
2024-04-24
Introduction The chronic inflammation is one of the leading events involved in the aetiology of many chronic-degenerative diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, arthritis and cancer (Coussens and Werb, 2002). Monocytes/macrophages lineage plays an important role during inflammation through
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Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular lev
2024-04-24
Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular levels of cAMP to restore spontaneous contraction (Essayan, 2001, Qi and Kwan, 1996), acting downstream of adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, cardiac arrest induced by decreased intracellular cAMP levels could be reversed by phosphodiesterase inhibi
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AdK as an important upstream regulator of adenosine based
2024-04-24
AdK as an important upstream regulator of adenosine-based homeostasis represents a promising drug target since it leads to an increase in adenosine concentrations. Taking into account that the adenosine formation is only increased in affected tissues under stress with high adenosine levels, AdK inhi
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br Actin cytoskeleton in protrusion Pushing force driving me
2024-04-24
Actin cytoskeleton in protrusion Pushing force driving membrane protrusion is generated by polymerizing Sirolimus filaments organized either into branched networks or parallel bundles. Branched networks are assembled through Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin nucleation and drive protrusion of lamell
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